- Command To Generate Hash Key In Excel
- Command To Generate Ssh Key In Windows
- Command To Generate Hash Key Mac
- Command To Generate Ssh Key From Git Bash
The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands, each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments. Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all of their arguments and have a
-config
option to specify that file. The environment variable OPENSSL_CONF can be used to specify the location of the configuration file. If the environment variable is not specified, a default file is created in the default certificate storage area called openssl.cnf. The settings in this default configuration file depend on the flags set when the version of OpenSSL being used was built.One way to verify your download is to check the hash of the downloaded file. We will show you how you can check SHA1, SHA256 and SHA512 hashes on Linux. A command-line way. CertUtil is a Windows built-in command line installed as part of certificate services, but it also offers a switch -hashfile that allows you to generate the hash string using a specified algorithm. For example, running the following command generates an SHA-512 checksum for an executable file called lsr.exe. Extracting the Key Hash from.p12 key. Open Terminal or Command line and navigate to where your.p12 key is. Type in: “keytool -v -list -keystore mycert.p12 -storetype pkcs12″ where mycert.p12 is the filename of your.p12 key. Enter keystore password (the one you used when exported.p12 key). Copy sha1 fingerprint signature bytes text. SiteGround uses key-based authentication for SSH. This has proven more secure over standard username/password authentication. More information on SSH keys can be found here. You can generate an SSH key pair directly in cPanel, or you can generate the keys yourself and just upload the public one in cPanel to use with your hosting account.
This article is an overview of the available tools provided by openssl. For all of the details on usage and implementation, you can find the manpages which are automatically generated from the source code at the official OpenSSL project home. Likewise, the source code itself may be found on the OpenSSL project home page, as well as on the OpenSSL Github. The main OpenSSL site also includes an overview of the command-line utilities, as well as links to all of their respective documentation.
- 2Basic Tasks
- 2.5Generating Keys Based on Elliptic Curves
- 2.5.1Generating the Curve Parameters
- 2.5Generating Keys Based on Elliptic Curves
- 3Commands
The entry point for the OpenSSL library is the openssl binary, usually /usr/bin/openssl on Linux. The general syntax for calling openssl is as follows:
Alternatively, you can call openssl without arguments to enter the interactive mode prompt. You may then enter commands directly, exiting with either a
quit
command or by issuing a termination signal with either Ctrl+C or Ctrl+D. The following is a sample interactive session in which the user invokes the prime command twice before using the quit command to terminate the session.This section is a brief tutorial on performing the most basic tasks using OpenSSL. For a detailed explanation of the rationale behind the syntax and semantics of the commands shown here, see the section on Commands.
Getting Help[edit]
As mentioned previously, the general syntax of a command is
openssl command [ command_options ] [ command_arguments ]
. The help command is no different, but it does have its idiosyncrasies. To view the top-level help menu, you can call openssl as follows.Virtual villagers 5 key generator download. This query will print all of the available commands, like so:
Note the above output was truncated, so only the first four lines of output are shown.
A help menu for each command may be requested in two different ways. First, the same command used above may be repeated, followed by the name of the command to print help for.
The program will then display the valid options for the given command.
The second way of requesting the help menu for a particular command is by using the first option in the output shown above, namely
openssl command -help
. Both commands will yield the same output; the help menu displayed will be exactly the same.Adobe photoshop cs key generator. For additional information on the usage of a particular command, the project manpages are a great source of information. Another excellent source of information is the project perldocs. perldoc is a utility included with most if not all Perl distributions, and it's capable of displaying documentation information in a variety of formats, one of which is as manpages. Not surprisingly, the project documentation is generated from the pod files located in the doc directory of the source code.
Getting Library Version Information[edit]
As mentioned above, the version command's help menu may be queried for additional options like so:
Using the -a option to show all version information yields the following output on my current machine:
Generating an RSA Private Key[edit]
Generating a private key can be done in a variety of different ways depending on the type of key, algorithm, bits, and other options your specific use case may require. In this example, we are generating a private key using RSA and a key size of 2048 bits.
Command To Generate Hash Key In Excel
To generate a password protected private key, the previous command may be slightly amended as follows:
The addition of the -aes256 option specifies the cipher to use to encrypt the private key file. For a list of available ciphers in the library, you can run the following command:
With your private key in hand, you can use the following command to see the key's details, such as its modulus and its constituent primes. Remember to change the name of the input file to the file name of your private key.
The above command yields the following output in my specific case. Your output will differ but should be structurally similar.
Keep in mind the above key was generated solely for pedagogical purposes; never give anyone access to your private keys.
Generating a Public Key[edit]
Having previously generated your private key, you may generate the corresponding public key using the following command.
You may once again view the key details, using a slightly different command this time.
The output for the public key will be shorter, as it carries much less information, and it will look something like this.
For more information on generating keys, see the source code documentation, located in the doc/HOWTO/keys.txt file.
Command To Generate Ssh Key In Windows
Generating Keys Based on Elliptic Curves[edit]
There are essentially two steps to generating a key:
- Generate the parameters for the specific curve you are using
- Use those parameters to generate the key
To see the list of curves instrinsically supported by openssl, you can use the -list_curves</t> option when calling the <tt>ecparam command.
For this example I will use the prime256v1 curve, which is an X9.62/SECG curve over a 256 bit prime field.
Generating the Curve Parameters[edit]
Having selected our curve, we now call ecparam to generate our parameters file.
Printing Parameters to Standard Out[edit]
You can print the generated curve parameters to the terminal output with the following command:
Printing Parameters as C Code[edit]
Analogously, you may also output the generated curve parameters as C code. The parameters can then be loaded by calling the get_ec_group_XXX() function. To print the C code to the current terminal's output, the following command may be used:
And here are the first few lines of the corresponding output:
Generating the Key[edit]
With the curve parameters in hand, we are now free to generate the key. Just as with the [#Generating an RSA Private Key|RSA] example above, we may optionally specify a cipher algorithm with which to encrypt the private key. The call to generate the key using the elliptic curve parameters generated in the example above looks like this:
Putting it All Together[edit]
The process of generation a curve based on elliptic-curves can be streamlined by calling the genpkey command directly and specifying both the algorithm and the name of the curve to use for parameter generation. In it's simplest form, the command to generate a key based on the same curve as in the example above looks like this:
This command will result in the generated key being printed to the terminal's output.
Remember that you can specify a cipher algorithm to encrypt the key with, which something you may or may not want to do, depending on your specific use case. Here is a slightly more complete example showing a key generated with a password and written to a specific output file.
Just as with the previous example, you can use the pkey command to inspect your newly-generated key.
For more details on elliptic curve cryptography or key generation, check out the manpages.
Base64 Encoding Strings[edit]
For simple string encoding, you can use 'here string' syntax with the base64 command as below. Intuitively, the -e flag specifies the action to be encoding.
Similarly, the base64 command's -d flag may be used to indicate decoding mode.
Generating a File Hash[edit]
One of the most basic uses of the dgst command (short for digest) is viewing the hash of a given file. To do this, simply invoke the command with the specified digest algorithm to use. For this example, I will be hashing an arbitrary file on my system using the MD5, SHA1, and SHA384 algorithms.
For a list of the available digest algorithms, you can use the following command.
You can also use a similar command to see the available digest commands:
Below are three sample invocations of the md5, sha1, and sha384 digest commands using the same file as the dgst command invocation above.
File Encryption and Decryption[edit]
The following example demonstrates a simple file encryption and decryption using the enc command. The first argument is the cipher algorithm to use for encrypting the file. For this example I carefully selected the AES-256 algorithm in CBC Mode by looking up the available ciphers and picking out the first one I saw. To see the list of available ciphers, you can use the following command.
You can also use the following command:
Having selected an encryption algorithm, you must then specify whether the action you are taking is either encryption or decryption via the -e or -d flags, respectively. The -iter flag specifies the number of iterations on the password used for deriving the encryption key. A higher iteration count increases the time required to brute-force the resulting file. Using this option implies enabling use of the Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2, usually set using the -pbkdf2 flag. We then use the -salt flag to enable the use of a randomly generated salt in the key-derivation function.
Putting it all together, you can see the command to encrypt a file and the corresponding output below. Note that the passwords entered by the user are blank, just as they would usually be in a terminal session.
The analogous decryption command is as follows:
There are three different kinds of commands. These are standard commands, cipher commands, and digest commands. Calling the OpenSSL top-level help command with no arguments will result in openssl printing all available commands by group, sorted alphabetically.
Standard Commands[edit]
Command | Description |
---|---|
asn1parse | Parse an ASN.1 sequence. |
ca | Certificate Authority (CA) Management. |
ciphers | Cipher Suite Description Determination. |
cms | CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility. |
crl | Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management. |
crl2pkcs7 | CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion. |
dgst | Message Digest calculation. MAC calculations are superseded by mac(1). |
dhparam | Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by genpkey(1) and pkeyparam(1). |
dsa | DSA Data Management. |
dsaparam | DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by genpkey(1) and pkeyparam(1). |
ec | EC (Elliptic curve) key processing. |
ecparam | EC parameter manipulation and generation. |
enc | Encoding with Ciphers. |
engine | Engine (loadable module) information and manipulation. |
errstr | Error Number to Error String Conversion. |
gendsa | Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by genpkey(1) and pkey(1). |
genpkey | Generation of Private Key or Parameters. |
genrsa | Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by genpkey(1). |
info | Display diverse information built into the OpenSSL libraries. |
kdf | Key Derivation Functions. |
mac | Message Authentication Code Calculation. |
nseq | Create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence. |
ocsp | Online Certificate Status Protocol utility. |
passwd | Generation of hashed passwords. |
pkcs12 | PKCS#12 Data Management. |
pkcs7 | PKCS#7 Data Management. |
pkcs8 | PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool. |
pkey | Public and private key management. |
pkeyparam | Public key algorithm parameter management. |
pkeyutl | Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility. |
prime | Compute prime numbers. |
rand | Generate pseudo-random bytes. |
rehash | Create symbolic links to certificate and CRL files named by the hash values. |
req | PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management. |
rsa | RSA key management. |
rsautl | RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded by pkeyutl(1). |
s_client | This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. |
s_server | This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote clients speaking SSL/TLS. |
s_time | SSL Connection Timer. |
sess_id | SSL Session Data Management. |
smime | S/MIME mail processing. |
speed | Algorithm Speed Measurement. |
spkac | SPKAC printing and generating utility. |
srp | Maintain SRP password file. |
storeutl | Utility to list and display certificates, keys, CRLs, etc. |
ts | Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server). |
verify | X.509 Certificate Verification. |
version | OpenSSL Version Information. |
x509 | X.509 Certificate Data Management. |
- Paul Heinlein. 'OpenSSL Command-Line HOWTO'. Has many quick cookbook-style recipes for doing common tasks using the 'oppenssl' command-line application.
Retrieved from 'https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php?title=Command_Line_Utilities&oldid=2847'
--> Computes the hash value for a file by using a specified hash algorithm.
Syntax
Description
The
Get-FileHash
cmdlet computes the hash value for a file by using a specified hash algorithm.A hash value is a unique value that corresponds to the content of the file. Rather than identifyingthe contents of a file by its file name, extension, or other designation, a hash assigns a uniquevalue to the contents of a file. File names and extensions can be changed without altering thecontent of the file, and without changing the hash value. Similarly, the file's content can bechanged without changing the name or extension. However, changing even a single character in thecontents of a file changes the hash value of the file.The purpose of hash values is to provide a cryptographically-secure way to verify that the contentsof a file have not been changed. While some hash algorithms, including MD5 and SHA1, are no longerconsidered secure against attack, the goal of a secure hash algorithm is to render it impossible tochange the contents of a file -- either by accident, or by malicious or unauthorized attempt -- andmaintain the same hash value. You can also use hash values to determine if two different files haveexactly the same content. If the hash values of two files are identical, the contents of the filesare also identical.
Command To Generate Hash Key Mac
By default, the
Get-FileHash
cmdlet uses the SHA256 algorithm, although any hash algorithm thatis supported by the target operating system can be used.Examples
Example 1: Compute the hash value for a file
This example uses the
Get-FileHash
cmdlet to compute the hash value for the/etc/apt/sources.list
file. The hash algorithm used is the default, SHA256. The output ispiped to the Format-List
cmdlet to format the output as a list.Example 2: Compute the hash value for an ISO file
This example uses the
Get-FileHash
cmdlet and the SHA384 algorithm to compute the hash valuefor an ISO file that an administrator has downloaded from the internet. The output is piped to theFormat-List
cmdlet to format the output as a list.Example 3: Compute the hash value of a stream
For this example, we get are using System.Net.WebClient to download a package from thePowershell release page. The releasepage also documents the SHA256 hash of each package file. We can compare the published hash valuewith the one we calculate with
Get-FileHash
.Example 4: Compute the hash of a string
PowerShell does not provide a cmdlet to compute the hash of a string. However, you can write astring to a stream and use the InputStream parameter of
Get-FileHash
to get the hash value.Parameters
Specifies the cryptographic hash function to use for computing the hash value of the contents of thespecified file or stream. A cryptographic hash function has the property that it is infeasible tofind two different files with the same hash value. Hash functions are commonly used with digitalsignatures and for data integrity. The acceptable values for this parameter are:
- SHA1
- SHA256
- SHA384
- SHA512
- MD5
If no value is specified, or if the parameter is omitted, the default value is SHA256.
For security reasons, MD5 and SHA1, which are no longer considered secure, should only be used forsimple change validation, and should not be used to generate hash values for files that requireprotection from attack or tampering.
Type: | String |
Accepted values: | SHA1, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, MD5 |
Position: | 1 |
Default value: | None |
Accept pipeline input: | False |
Accept wildcard characters: | False |
Specifies the input stream.
Type: | Stream |
Position: | 0 |
Default value: | None |
Accept pipeline input: | False |
Accept wildcard characters: | False |
Specifies the path to a file. Unlike the Path parameter, the value of the LiteralPathparameter is used exactly as it is typed. No characters are interpreted as wildcard characters. Ifthe path includes escape characters, enclose the path in single quotation marks. Single quotationmarks instruct PowerShell not to interpret characters as escape sequences.
Type: | String[] |
Aliases: | PSPath, LP |
Position: | 0 |
Default value: | None |
Accept pipeline input: | True (ByPropertyName) |
Accept wildcard characters: | False |
Specifies the path to one or more files as an array. Wildcard characters are permitted.
Type: | String[] |
Position: | 0 |
Default value: | None |
Accept pipeline input: | True (ByPropertyName, ByValue) |
Accept wildcard characters: | True |
Command To Generate Ssh Key From Git Bash
Inputs
You can pipe a string to the
Get-FileHash
cmdlet that contains a path to one or more files.Outputs
Microsoft.Powershell.Utility.FileHash
Get-FileHash
returns an object that represents the path to the specified file, the value of thecomputed hash, and the algorithm used to compute the hash.